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(This is the second part of NJSTAR USER'S MANUAL. Read NJSTAR1.DOC first)
=============================================================================
10. CHINESE CHARACTER INPUT
===========================
This section describes NJStar's functions related to Chinese character
input. All functions are listed under the "Input" (║║╫╓╩Σ╚δ) menu item.
NJStar supports all 6763 GB characters, which are divided into two classes;
3755 for Class One (GuoBiao code: B0A1-D7FE) and 3008 for Class Two (GuoBiao
code: D8A1-F7FE). In addition, NJStar covers more than 800 graphic or
typographic symbols defined in the GB set. NJStar also adds some custom-made
characters to the standard character set. Run CCFONT.EXE to add more
characters if necessary.
FUNCTION <PYInput> [Alt+F5] ╞┤╥⌠╩Σ╚δ Pinyin
Sets NJStar's input method to Pinyin. When entering PinYin mode, the left
end of the bottom line displays a sign of "PinYin."
Pinyin is the primary input method for NJStar because it is easy to learn
and fully compatible with an English keyboard. It uses 26 alphabetic letters
or their combinations, plus "ü" in very rare occasions, to present all
phonetic elements in Chinese. It has been widely accepted as a standard
Chinese phonetic system.
In the PinYin input method, lower case letter keys are used to input PinYin
code. Upper case letter keys and other ASCII keys may be entered into the
editing screen. When there are Chinese characters in the bottom line waiting
to be selected, [,], [.], [Space] and numeric keys [1..0] are used to assist
inputting and selecting Chinese characters.
Mouse: point the mouse cursor at the left end of the bottom line and click
the left button once to toggle between PinYin, Online PinYin, and ASCII
mode.
NJStar accepts the standard PinYin codes, together with the tone codes, for
Chinese characters. The tone codes are: 1 for the first tone, 2 the second,
3 the third, 4 the fourth, and 5 for neutral tone. See the following
sentence for example.
[EXAMPLE] ─╧ = nan2 ╝½ = ji2 ╨╟ = xing1 ╩╟ = shi4
╬╥ = wo3 ╧▓ = xi3 ░« = ai4 ╡─ = de5
╓╨ = zhong1 ╬─ = wen2 ╬─ = wen2 ╩Θ = shu1
┤ª = chu4 └φ = li3 ╧╡ = xi4 ═│ = tong3
In NJStar, "ü" is presented as "uu." For instance, ┼« (Girl) is coded as
"nuu3". According to Pinyin Standard, however, "ü" after "j", "q", "x", or
"y" are presented as "u". Therefore, do not use "uu" after those letters.
After a complete code (PinYin+Tone) is entered, NJStar will display all
matching characters on the bottom line. Often-used characters will appear
before low frequency characters. You can use the [Space] Bar to select the
first character, or a number key to select any other character. If there are
more than 11 matches, use [>] or [<] key (without pressing Shift) to scroll
through the list, and then select a character. Press [ESC] to cancel the
current code, if necessary.
[Note: the way to paste characters from the bottom line into the editing
screen is always the same, no matter under which input mode. Thus, this
information will not be repeated in detail in the following sections. ]
If a character is selected, it will be pasted into the editing screen. If
this character has no corresponding LianXiang character, the bottom line
will be cleared. Otherwise, the bottom line will display all LianXiang
characters or LianXiang words. In this case, the bottom line will display a
"LianXiang" sign to the right side of the input method sign. Users may
select a character or a word from the list in the same way as with selecting
characters for initial input. Enter [ESC] to clear the bottom line, or
continue to enter a new PinYin code if necessary. If the LianXiang feature
is not required, you can turn off the LianXiang feature either through the
<Option> command or in NJCONFIG.EXE.
By default, NJStar will dynamically adjust the PinYin dictionary every time
you select a character. That is, if a character is selected from the list,
it will be automatically shifted to the beginning position of the list. If
you select the same character again later, it will appear as the first one
in the list; press [Space] to select it. This feature can be disabled in
NJCONFIG.EXE so that all characters will appear at a fixed location every
time they are selected.
Occasionally, you may not want to get LianXiang characters, or change the
order of the current word list at the bottom line. Press [Alt] plus a number
key to select a desired character. Due to the fact that [,], [.], and
[Space] keys are used to select characters, you can enter [Alt+,], [Alt+.],
or [Alt+SpaceBar] when there are characters in the bottom line for input. If
NJStar runs in a DOS window under MS Windows 3.0 or above, please specify
[Alt+SpaceBar] as an application reserved key. (See the Windows Manual for
more information about reserving keys for applications). [Ctrl+Space] can be
used to input a space in case Windows uses [Alt+Space].
Quite often, the desired character has already appeared in the bottom line
before a complete code is entered. At this point, NJStar is still waiting
for a complete code. If you prefer not to finish the code, press
[Alt]+number key on the main keyboard, or use the number key on the right
hand keypad, to select the character. In this case, NJStar will still
display its LianXiang characters or words at the bottom line, if any, unless
you have turned off the "LianXiang" feature. However, the order of the
character list will not be adjusted as mentioned previously.
Sometimes, a character has several LianXiang characters. To select the
chosen word from a long list is time-consuming. In this case, NJStar
provides a smart way to assist selecting characters from the LianXiang list.
I.e., when a LianXiang list is displayed, you can continue to enter the code
for the next character. If the desired character is LianXiang for the
previous character, it will appear at the beginning of the list. For
instance, to enter the word ╓╨ ╤º, first enter "zhong1" for ╓╨. Then,
instead of using the [>] key to scroll through the list, simply enter "xue"
for the next character. Now, NJStar will display ѧ at the very beginning of
the list so that the user can easily select it up by pressing [Space].
Another way to input a LianXiang word is to enter combined codes for the
first two, or up to 4 characters. For instance, enter "zhongxin" for ╓╨╨─,
"njx" for ─╧╝½╨╟. Please note, that if a combined LianXiang code is not
clear, as for instance "xi" and "an", you may need to use a ['] to separate
the characters. In the example, the code for the word ╬≈░▓ is "xi'an."
Alternatively, use the tone code as a separator, such as "xi1an."
In PinYin mode, you can enter some special characters by using this pseudo
PinYin:
va1-va5 -- Chinese or typographic symbols
ve1-ve3 -- ASCII and other alphabetical letters
vi1-vi5 -- Table drawing Characters
vo1-vo5 -- Greek and Russian letters
vu1-vu2 -- Chinese Phonetic Notes and radicals
See the NJStar Chinese Manual for the mapping tables of all special
characters that can be entered in pseudo PinYin.
NJStar also provides a handy way for quick input of Chinese number and
units. When the first Pinyin letter is 'i', the following letters or numbers
are mapped to a Chinese character according to the following table.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
í≡╥╗╢■╚²╦─╬σ┴∙╞▀░╦╛┼╢╓░┘│▀╡π╪Ñ╖╓╕÷║┼╥┌╜∩┐╦└∩├╫─Ω┴π╥│╟º╚╒╔²╠¿╚╦╘¬═≥╩«╘┬╓╗
For example, if you input the follow string as a PinYin code:
i1992n1y1rodxf
the bottom line will display:
╥╗╛┼╛┼╢■─Ω╥╗╘┬╥╗╚╒┴π╡π╩«╖╓
From Version 3.0 onwards, an English word can be entered as pseudo Pinyin
under Pinyin mode, for instance, "hello", "design". In this case, it is very
likely that NJStar cannot find any matching characters. The user could then
press the [Space] bar and the system would search in the built-in
Chinese-English dictionary. If the word is found in the dictionary, the
system will display all related Chinese word entries. A Chinese word can
then be pasted from the dictionary list into the editing screen. (See
<EDicLookup> for more details.)
FUNCTION <LianXiang> [Alt+X] ┴¬╧δ╟░╫╓ LianXiang
Provides a list of LianXiang characters and words, if any, for the character
immediately before the current cursor position. Characters can be selected
in the same way as with any other input mode.
This function may be used in any Chinese Character input mode, that is, in
any non-ASCII input mode. When this function is called, any input at the
bottom line will be replaced by the new LianXiang characters and words.
Mouse: to invoke this function, point the mouse cursor to "LianXiang" on the
bottom line, and press left button.
FUNCTION <OnlinPY> [Alt+F3] ┴¼╞┤╩Σ╚δ Online PY
Sets NJStar's input method to Online Pinyin (or so-called Continuous
Pinyin). The left end of the bottom line will display "LianPin".
Mouse: click on the left end of the bottom line until the sign is displayed.
Online Pinyin is very similar to Pinyin in terms of coding for individual
Chinese Character. However, the Pinyin codes, with or without tones, are
entered directly into the editing screen. With built-in intelligence, NJStar
will convert the whole line of input codes to Chinese characters. For
example, you can enter the following line in the editing screen under Online
Pinyin mode:
nanjixing
To start the conversion, press [Space]. NJStar will convert this string into
the following line:
─╧╝½╨╟
The resultant string will be highlighted in reverse video. You can continue
to enter another code string. The highlight block will be turned off after
the next string is converted.
If NJStar is unable to convert part of the current string into Chinese
characters, the cursor will move to the location where the problem occurs.
After correcting the error by the user, the cursor can be moved to the end
of the string. To resume the conversion, press [Space].
By default, the conversion will take place when you press [Space]. To delay
the conversion, turn on [DelayConvert] with the <Option> Function described
below. After that, typing [,], [.], [?] or [Return] will start to convert
the current string into Chinese characters. This will make the input string
more readable and the result more precise. For example, after entering the
following string in Online Pinyin mode:
nanjixing shi wo xi'ai de zhongwen wenshu chuli xitong
Press the [.] key to end the sentence and you will get the following line:
─╧╝½╨╟╩╟╬╥╧▓░«╡─╓╨╬─╬─╩Θ┤ª└φ╧╡═│.
Online Pinyin relies on user's precise inputting of Pinyin codes. That is,
it performs best when the codes are error-free. Instead of using spaces for
word parsing, you can also use upper case letter for the first letter of
each word, or add the tone codes. This will improve the accuracy of
conversion.
For example, the above Chinese sentence can be entered as:
NanjixingShiWoXi'aiDeZhongwenWenshuChuliXitong
However, there is always a chance that the resultant string needs to be
modified. If that is the case, move the cursor back to the wrong character
while the string is highlighted. At this point, the bottom line will show
all the homonyms, if any. You can choose a replacement from the list. If
this character has more than one pronunciation and the current list is not
what you need, press [/] to switch the list to another pronunciation. (In
other input modes, [/] would work in the same way as the [ESC] key.)
If the string is no longer highlighted, first mark it with the <Block>
command and then edit it in the same way as described here.
There are some limits to this function. E.g. do not use it to enter English
words since the system will try to convert the English string into Chinese
characters as a Pinyin code, which may yield unexpected result. For English
text, use the <ASCII> mode instead.
FUNCTION <Option> [Ctrl+F2] ╩Σ╚δ╔Φ╓├ Option
From version 3.0, the following four options are configurable through the
pull-down menu when the input is in Pinyin or Online Pinyin mode:
Tone: Toggles between the requirement of the Tone code. When set
on, requires input tone code (1-5) in Pinyin input mode.
Fuzzy: Toggles between the feature of Error Tolerance pre-defined in
TOLERATE.DIC. This file is a text file and can be edited by
the user. When set on, the following codes become
exchangeable, enabling user to input with less precise codes.
Vowels (╘╧─╕)
a ia, ai
e ie, ei, uue
o ou, uo
u uu, iu, ui
an ang, ian, iang
en eng
in ing
ong iong
uan uang
on ong, iong
ao iao
Consonants (╔∙─╕)
z zh
c ch
s sh
l n
n l
LianXiang: Toggles the LianXiang feature. When set on, NJStar will
automatically try to provide LianXiang characters or
words at the bottom line after each character is entered.
In some input modes (such as 5-Strokes), LianXiang
affects user's input speed, so LianXiang should be off.
DelayConvert: Toggles between conversion by a space character or by
punctuation only. When set on, the conversion will not
take place when the [Space] bar is pressed. Instead,
conversion will wait until a punctuation is entered.
Beginning from NJSTAR v3.0, all the option changes and changes made by
Toggle functions (such as Input Method, Font Style, Pure Chinese mode, etc.)
will be automatically saved on exit, and restored on the next session of
NJSTAR.
FUNCTION <BackToPinYin> [Shift+F8] ╞┤╥⌠╗╣╘¡ Pinyin Back
In Online Pinyin mode, converts the highlighted Chinese string back into the
original Pinyin string as entered. This function works only immediately
after a Pinyin string has been converted into a character string, and no
block operation is performed.
You can use the [INS] / [Insert] key to access this function as an one-key
operation.
FUNCTION <PY2Hanzi> [Alt+F1] ╞┤╥⌠╫¬╫╓ PY to Hanzi
Converts the marked Pinyin string into a Chinese character string. This
function will work in both Pinyin and Online Input mode.
FUNCTION <ZYinput> [Alt+F7] ╫ó╥⌠╩Σ╚δ ZhuYin
Sets NJStar's input method to ZhuYin Input. ZhuYin, (now mainly used in
Taiwan), also known as Kuo Yu Chu Yin Fu Hao (╣·╙∩╫ó╥⌠╖√║┼), is one of the
many widely used phonetic systems for the Chinese language. It uses 37
symbols to present major phonetic elements or their combinations in Chinese.
There are various keymaps for the use of a standard English keyboard to
represent those 37 symbols. Three keymap styles are provided under ZhuYin
input,i.e. NJStar Style, Eten Style, and Kuochiao Style. This is the lookup
table for the three keymaps, with reference to Pinyin.
Initial Consonants (╔∙─╕):
Pinyin: b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s
ZhuYin: ¿┼ ¿╞ ¿╟ ¿╚ ¿╔ ¿╩ ¿╦ ¿╠ ¿═ ¿╬ ¿╧ ¿╨ ¿╤ ¿╥ ¿╙ ¿╘ ¿╒ ¿╓ ¿╫ ¿╪ ¿┘
Eten: b p m f d t n l v k h g 7 c , . / j ; ' s
Kuochiao: 1 q a z 2 w s x e d c r f v 5 t g b y h n
NJStar: b p m f d t n l g k h j q x , . / r z c s
Vowels (╘╧─╕):
Pinyin: a o e ê i u ü ai ei ao ou an en ang eng er
ZhuYin: ¿┌ ¿█ ¿▄ ¿▌ ¿τ ¿Φ ¿Θ ¿▐ ¿▀ ¿α ¿ß ¿Γ ¿π ¿Σ ¿σ ¿µ
Eten: a o r w e x u i q z y 8 9 0 - =
Kuochiao: 8 i k , u j m 9 o l . 0 p ; / -
NJStar: a o e w i u y [ ] 6 7 8 9 0 - =
Tones (╥⌠╡≈):
PinYin: - / íª \
Zhuyin: - / íª \ íñ
Eten: 1 2 3 4 5
KuoChiao: = 6 3 4 7
NJStar: 1 2 3 4 5
Under ZhuYin input mode, [<] and [>], not [,] and [.], are used to scroll
through the list of Chinese characters at the bottom line. The user should
always press the [Shift] key when using [<] or [>].
The Space bar is used to select the first character on the list. Before the
tone is entered, the Keypad number or [ALT]+number may be used to select
from the list. After the tone is entered, the number on the main keyboard
can also be used to select characters.
Cizu (Multiple-character word) may also be entered together in Zhuyin mode.
The user can enter more than one Zhuyin code together. For example,
_________________________________________________
╫ó╥⌠: ¿╦¿Γ¿╨¿τ 1 ─╧╝½ 2 ─╧╝½╨╟ 3 ─╧╝½╓▐
Please note that in Zhuyin's Cizhu input, tone numbers should not be used.
If the second Zhuyin code does not start with an initial consonant, it
should be separated from the first code with [']. For example,
_________________________________________________
╫ó╥⌠: ¿╥¿τ'¿Γ 1 ╬≈░▓ 2 ╬≈░▓╩╨
FUNCTION <GBinput> [Alt+F4] ╣·▒Ω╟°╬╗ Guobiao/QW
Sets NJStar's input method to GuoBiao or Quwei. In previous versions, there
used to be two separate functions but beginning with Version 3.0, they have
been merged into one command. However, when invoking <GBinput>, the left end
of the bottom line will display a "GuoBiao" sign, unless a Quwei code is
detected by the system, and then it will display a "Quwei" sign. (A GB code
starts with [a] to [f] while a QW code starts with [0] to [9].)
GuoBiao and Quwei are major supplementary input methods in NJStar. The file
GUOBIAO.DOC lists out all valid GuoBiao codes and the corresponding
characters. QUWEIMA.DOC does the same for all valid Quwei codes and
corresponding characters. To enter a GuoBiao code, you have to complete all
four code letters before it is displayed on the editing screen. For Quwei
codes, the first two code numbers bring up a character list. Select a
character from the list with [Alt]+number key or a number key on the keypad,
or wait until all four-number codes have been entered.
After a character is entered, any content of LianXiang characters or words,
will be displayed on the bottom line. You can select any character from the
list, or continue to enter another code.
FUNCTION <AscInput> [Alt+F6] ╙ó╬─╩Σ╚δ Ascii Input
Sets NJStar's input method to ASCII. When using ASCII, the left end of the
bottom line will display an "ASCII" sign. The file name, size, and cursor
position are displayed on the bottom line. The "*" sign in front of "Bytes"
indicates the current file has been modified since it was opened or since
the last time it was saved.
Mouse: point the mouse cursor at the left side of the bottom line and click
the left button once, to toggle between Online, Pinyin and ASCII input
modes.
ASCII mode is used to enter all English characters, plus the extended ASCII
character set (128-160). To enter those characters, press [Alt] together
with the corresponding ASCII code with the numerical keys from the keypad.
For instance, to enter [ü], press [Alt] and type [1], [2], [9] on the number
pad. Release the [Alt] key and the character will be pasted into the editing
screen.
FUNCTION <Radicals> [Shift+F1] ▓┐╩╫╝∞╫╓ Radicals
This function is seldom used as an input method. However, it provides an
handy way to look up a character by radicals, especially when the user is
not very sure about its pronunciation.
When starting this function, a window on the screen will display all 214
radicals arranged by the number of strokes. Use the cursor or mouse to
select a radical. Once selected, another window will be displayed with all
the characters for that radical arranged again by number of strokes. Use the
down or right arrow key to scroll through the list. Once the character you
are looking for has been found, it can be pasted into the editing screen by
pressing [Return]. Press [F1] key to get coding and other information for
the character. (See function <HanziInfo> below.)
In this version, each character's radical and stroke numbers, by which the
characters are sorted, are based on simplified Chinese characters only.
FUNCTION <Symbols> [Ctrl+6] ╠╪╩Γ╖√║┼ Symbols
This function is also seldom used as an input method. However, it provides
an handy way to look up a special symbol character in a window.
When starting this function, a window will show all the symbols in the GB
character set. Use the cursor or mouse to select a symbol. If the screen is
full, use the down or right arrow key to scroll through the list. When the
character is found, it can be pasted into editing screen by pressing
[Return].
FUNCTION <EXInput> [Alt+F2] ╞Σ╦ⁿ╩Σ╚δ Extra Input
Lets user select one of the following input methods as listed on the bottom
line,
a. WuHua Coded with number 1-5 for five basic strokes.
╬σ╗« Maximum length of codes is 5 numbers. Use keypad
numerical keys to enter code.
b. WuBiZiXing Coded with letter a-y for a classification of
╬σ▒╩╫╓╨═ radicals. Maximum length of codes is 4 letters.
Use standard letter keys to enter code. Cizu
input is available in the registered version only.
c. CangJie Coded with letter a-y for a classification of
▓╓≥í radicals based on traditional character writing.
Maximum length of codes is 6 letters. Use standard
letter keys to enter code.
d. DianBao Uniquely coded with number 1-9 according to the
╡τ▒¿ Chinese Telegraph Coding Table. The length of codes
is 4 numbers. Use keypad numerical keys to enter code.
e. SortPinYin Similar to standard Pinyin, with abbreviations
˫ƴ found in CCDOS and without tone codes. The maximum
length of code is 3 letters. Use standard letter
keys to enter code.
f. FullPinYin Similar with Pinyin, without tone codes. The
ȫƴ maximum length of code is 6 letters. Use standard
letter keys to enter code.
g. YinYi Coded with letter a-z, first in Pinyin and then in a
╥⌠╥Γ classification of meanings. The maximum length of
codes is 6 letters. Use standard letter keys to
enter code.
h. ShouWei Coded with letter a-z for a classification of
╩╫╬▓ first & last radicals. Maximum length of code is 2
letters. Use standard letter keys to enter code.
i. Cantonese Coded with letter a-z according to Fung-Fung Lee's
╘┴╙∩ Cantonese Romanization Proposals. Use standard
letter keys to enter code.
j. SimpleCJ Coded with letter a-z according to a classification
╝≥╥╫ of first & last radicals using the CangJie convention.
Maximum length of codes is 2 letters. Use standard
letter keys for code input.
k. JianCang Coded with letter a-y for a classification of
╝≥▓╓ radicals based on simplified character writing.
Maximum length of codes is 6 letters. Use standard
letter keys to enter code.
l. Japanese Similar with Full Pinyin. With a Pinyin code, it
╚╒╙∩ will bring up Japanese Hiragana and Katakana before
Chinese characters. Use standard letter keys to
enter code.
n. User See below.
╙├╗º┤╩╫Θ
q. QianMa Coded with letter a-z and letter 0-9. Maximum length
╟«┬δ of code is 3. User standard letter keys to enter code.
Coding scheme invented by Qian Weichang.
s. Four Corner Coded with number 0-9 for a classification of four
╦─╜╟ corners based on simplified character writing.
Maximum length of codes is 4 numbers. Use standard
letter keys to enter code.
t. Fan 4 Corner Coded with number 0-9 for a classification of four
╖▒╦─ corners based on un-simplified character writing.
Maximum length of codes is 4 numbers. Use standard
letter keys to enter code.
y. Yale Phonetic system originally used in Yale, letter keys
Ү³ only.
w. Wade-Giles Classic Chinese Romanization standard invented by
═■╡╘ Wade and then modified by Giles. Widely used in
the Western countries. Letter keys a-z only.
['] key is ignored.
All these input methods have their strengths and weaknesses. Some users are
familiar with one or the other. Therefore, while the English version of the
manual contains no further details, the Chinese version for registered users
contains additional information. It also includes a lookup table for Pinyin,
Zhuyin, Yale and Wade-Giles.
All unused letters listed above, such as m, o, p ..., may be used for an
user-defined input method [NJINPUT?.DIC]. The user can also substitute the
existing input dictionary file with a user-defined input dictionary to
include one or more of the unused letters.
One of NJStar's outstanding features is to allow users to implement their
own preferred input methods by setting up an input dictionary with NJStar.
Once the dictionary, a GB file, is coded, NJStar's utility program,
INPUTDIC.EXE, can convert it into NJStar's input dictionary. This adds a new
input method to NJStar. For more details, see UTILITY.DOC.
The User Vocabulary input method serves both as an example of a user-defined
input dictionary as well as a user dictionary by itself. Initially, this
input method is provided as a GB file, USERDIC.GB, with 2700 English words
and Chinese translations. Here, English words serve as codes for the Chinese
words. More than one Chinese word can be listed under each index code. You
can modify the file under NJStar as long as the file header is not changed.
A special utility program, CIZUDIC.EXE, helps to convert it to a dictionary
file. (See the file header of USERDIC.GB for command syntax). Afterwards,
you can choose this input mode to input by English word.
FUNCTION <SwitchCCLIB> [Ctrl+F10] ╖▒╝≥╫¬╗╗ Fan/JianTi
Toggles NJStar's display style between simplified characters (JianTiZi) and
traditional characters (FanTiZi). The initial display style can be set with
NJCONFIG.EXE.
NJStar uses standard GB code for the file, no matter which display style is
current. Therefore, you may select at any time to display a file in a
preferred style without re-entering the text. CCLIB.16 is the font file for
simplified characters, and CCLIBF.16 the file for traditional characters. Be
aware that some simplified characters may represent more than one
traditional character. Therefore, you must pay attention to select the
correct characters if you want to enter simplified characters and output in
traditional font.
Only 16x16 fonts are used for screen display, while the output font depends
on the user's printer and printer driver setup. See the corresponding
section of NJCONFIG.EXE for more details.
FUNCTION <PureChinese> [Alt+F9] ┤┐╓╨╬─ Pure Chinese
Toggles NJStar's PureChinese and Non-PureChinese input modes. In PureChinese
mode, a sign of "PureChinese" will be displayed at the right bottom corner.
The initial mode can be set with NJCONFIG.EXE.
There is no differences in Chinese characters input under either mode. ASCII
characters, in PureChinese mode, are mapped into GB counterparts. For
instance, an ASCII period, a dot, is mapped to a Chinese period, a small
circle. Some ASCII characters may be mapped into different presentations in
PureChinese mode. For example, an asterisk [*] is mapped to a Chinese star
í∩. However, this function only affects input of ASCII characters.
Mouse: point the mouse cursor to the right end of the bottom line and click
the left button once to invoke this function.
=============================================================================
11. TOOLS
=========
This section describe NJStar's several enhancements listed under "Tools"
(╫╓╡Σ╣ñ╛▀) in the main menu. There are three kinds of enhancements mentioned
in this section. (1) Dictionary-related, (2) System Configuration, and (3)
Macro commands. Macro commands are described in the next section.
FUNCTION <EDicLookup> [Alt+E] ║║╙ó╫╓╡Σ Dictionary
Displays an English translation window for the current Chinese character or
word.
Position the cursor under the desired character or mark the word as a block.
When the function is called, the system will search for matching characters
or words in the dictionary and display the result in the window. If the
content of dictionary exceeds one screen, press the [Down] arrow key or
[PgDn] key to scroll through the entries.
If the current character is not "marked", NJStar treats it as a single
character, and will intelligently search all the words in the dictionary
which match the words around the cursor character.
If a single character or a word is "marked", NJStar will search all the
entries that contain this character or word, and give an explanation for
matched words. Otherwise, if a "word" is marked and is not found in the
dictionary, NJStar will indicate so. Custom-made characters cannot be found
in the dictionary.
This function can be used to look up an English word. If the current word is
not highlighted, the search will operate on the whole word. If only a
portion of a word is marked, only the marked segment will be processed. If
the marked block contains more than one word, only the first word will be
searched.
The system will look up the word in the English part of the build-in
Chinese-English Dictionary and then display all entries in which the word is
found. Once the desired entry is located by the user, press [Enter] to
insert the Chinese word into the editing screen, or [Space] to dump the
whole entry to the screen.
FUNCTION <Glossary> [Ctrl+G] ╦⌡╨┤╫╓╡Σ Glossary
Brings up user definable vocabulary. These glossary entries can be accessed
in Online Pinyin mode. When you enter a code matching the index string,
NJStar will convert the code into the pre-defined string.
The advantage of the Glossary function over <AddLX> is that it allows the
user to identify a string with any letters, not just Pinyin or initials. For
instance, OZ --> ░─┤≤└√╤╟, USA --> ├└╣·, NJStar --> ─╧╝½╨╟. Furthermore, you
can also define a non-GB string, such as FYI --> FOR YOUR INFORMATION. This
is quite different from the User-Definable input method (as with
NJINPUTN.DIC and NJCIZUN.DIC) where the primary advantage of Pinyin input
cannot be obtained. On the other hand, a user vocabulary defined through a
user dictionary is not accessible in Online Pinyin mode.
NJStar will search the glossary dictionary first and then the ordinary
Pinyin dictionary. Thus, do not use a valid Pinyin code to define a user
string. Otherwise it would prevent the code from being converted as a Pinyin
code. It is desirable to use all upper case letters for index codes, to
avoid conflict with standard Pinyin code. Numbers can be used in the index
code, but not as the first letter.
The Glossary list may be updated manually. When the Glossary window is
displayed, you can use [F1] for 'Add New', [F2] for 'Add Marked' Block, [F3]
for 'Edit Current', [F4] for 'Delete Current', [ESC] to quit. Pressing a
letter 'a-z' will search for an entry starting with the key. Pressing [Space]
to insert the current entry into file.
While the Glossary list displays only one line for each entry, it can
actually contain a much larger content. Mark a portion of the screen with
the <Block> function, then add the block after the Glossary list is called
up by the <Glossary> function. If the marked block is less then one line,
you can edit the block. Otherwise, the large block cannot be edited further.
The only way to work around this is to insert the block into the screen text
and edit it, then add the block into the Glossary list as a new entry and
delete the old one.
FUNCTION <HanziInfo> [Alt+Z] ║║╫╓╨┼╧ó Hanzi Info
Displays the current character in large size in a pop-up window, together
with coding information, including Pinyin, Wubizixin, telegram code,
radical, stroke numbers (based on simplified style), GB, Quwei, HZ, and
frequency. Mouse: double click the left mouse button on the character to
call up this function.
FUNCTION <AddLX> [Ctrl+F8] ╘÷╝╙╫╓┤╩ Add Word
Adds a user specified string to the LianXiang dictionary, for the first
character in the string. User should mark the string in order to specify it.
Only Class One characters can have LianXiang words. The number of LianXiang
words for each character is unlimited. A single LianXiang word can be as
long as 40 Chinese characters and the size of LianXiang dictionary
(NANJILX.DIC) can be as large as 73K bytes.
For instance, if you find that an often-used word "╢½║■" is not in the
dictionary, you can add this word to the dictionary. Use <MarkBlock> to mark
the string as a block. Then, call the <AddLX> function to add the string.
This function may also add a user-specified Pinyin code for the current
character to the Pinyin dictionary (NANJIPY.DIC). To do that, move the
cursor to the current character, DO NOT MARK it, simply invoke this
function. The system will prompt you for a new input code. A message will be
displayed if the code is accepted. (If the cursor is not on a Chinese
character, the system will prompt the GB code for the character to be
processed.) Use this function to assign any input code to a user-created
character.
FUNCTION <DelLX> [Alt+F8] ╧√│²╫╓┤╩ Del Word
Removes a user-specified string from the LianXiang dictionary. The operation
of <DelLX> is similar to <AddLX>.
Since the size of LianXiang dictionary is limited, unwanted words can be
deleted so that more user-specified words can be added.
<DelLX> also removes a user-specified Pinyin code for a single Chinese
character from the Pinyin dictionary.
UTILITY LXGB2DIC.EXE
This program is used to add or delete a list of LianXiang words to or from
NJStar's LianXiang dictionary, NANJILX.DIC. It runs from the DOS prompt.
Make sure the program is in the current sub-directory or accessible through
the path statement and backup the dictionary file before running this
command. Here are the program usages:
1. Add LianXiang words from a word list file, say, CIHUI.GB, to the
dictionary file, say, NANJILX.DIC.
[USAGE]
LXGB2DIC [/atend] @nanjilx.dic +cihui.gb
/atend -- add word at end of the list
The dictionary file should be in dictionary format. The word list file
should be in GB format, with one word to a line. The first character in each
word should be in the Class One of the GB table. The optional switch,
"/atend", will force words to be added at the end of the list for each
character. Otherwise, the newly added word will appear at the beginning of
the corresponding list. After running the program, the dictionary file will
be updated.
2. Delete words listed in the given file, say, CIHUI.GB, from the
dictionary file, say, NANJILX.DIC.
[USAGE] LXGB2DIC @nanjilx.dic -cihui.gb
The requirements of files are the same as those in adding LianXiang words.
See above. After running the program, the dictionary file will be updated.
3. Use the old dictionary file, say, DICFILE.OLD, to update a new
dictionary file, say, DICFILE.NEW.
[USAGE]
LXGB2DIC @dicfile.new @dicfile.old
In this case, both files should be in NJStar's dictionary format. The name
for the new dictionary file should go before that of the old one. The
program will check words in the DICFILE.OLD, and update DICFILE.NEW with
words not found in it. After running, only the first file will be updated.
FUNCTION <NJConfig> [Ctrl+C] ╧╡═│╡≈╜┌ NJCONFIG
Starts NJCONFIG.EXE program inside of the NJSTAR system. User may change the
system setup through NJCONFIG.EXE. (See section System Configuration for
more details.)
Most setup changes made through this function will take effect immediately,
such as printer drivers and printing setup. However, the video card settings
will not take place until the user starts NJSTAR again.
=============================================================================
12. MACROS COMMANDS
===================
This section describes NJStar's Macro related functions. Those functions are
located under "Tools" (╫╓╡Σ╣ñ╛▀) in the main menu. This section also
describes the way to compose the macro text file and use NJMAC.EXE for
compiling NJStar macros.
A macro is a pre-defined sequence of a series of NJStar commands. You can
record a series of commands within NJStar, or write a macro text file with
NJStar and then compile it with NJStar's utility program, NJMAC.EXE. This
will convert it to a macro file that can be loaded into NJSTAR.
See PROGRAM USAGE for information about loading a macro in the command line
with '-L' and '-X' options.
FUNCTION <MacroRec> [F11] ╝╟┬╝├ⁿ┴ε Macro Rec
Starts and stops macro recording. When entering macro-recording mode, the
right side of the bottom will display a sign of "Record."
Mouse: point the mouse cursor at "Record" and then click the left button
once to invoke this function.
When starting, a sequence of NJStar commands entered by the user will be
recorded and stored in the macro buffer, until this command is invoked
again. The contents of the macro buffer will be cleared by the next macro
recording operation.
When recording a macro, pressing [ESC] would be considered to be a normal
command to be recorded, instead of cancellation of the command.
Beginning from NJSTAR v3.0, contents in the macro buffer will be saved
automatically on exit, so that the macro can be executed the next time
NJSTAR is run.
FUNCTION <MacroExec> [F12] ╓┤╨╨╝╟┬╝ Macro Exec
Executes the macro stored in the macro buffer. If the macro buffer is empty,
it will do nothing.
If a macro turns out to contain an infinite loop, you must press [Ctrl+C] or
[Ctrl+Break] to cancel the execution.
FUNCTION <SaveMacro> [Alt+F11] ╝╟┬╝┤µ┼╠ Save Macro
Saves the contents of the macro buffer to a file with a user-specified file
name. Thus, a recorded macro can be repeatedly used. The macro file name has
the standard extension, .NJM. Any other extension given to the file by the
user will be ignored.
If you enter a file name that is already exist on disk, the system will ask
for confirmation. Press [ESC] at any time to cancel the request.
FUNCTION <ReadMacro> [Alt+F12] ╢┴╚í╝╟┬╝ Read Macro
Reads a user-specified macro file into the macro buffer, so that the macro
can be executed. When NJStar prompts for a file name, don't use an extension
as NJM will be used as the default.
FUNCTION <RepeatCmd> [Ctrl+F11] (╓╪╕┤├ⁿ┴ε Repeat Command)
Repeats a previous command a given number of times. If it is a macro
command, <RepeatCmd> will repeat the Macro for a given number of times. This
function can not be used inside a macro.
MACRO TEXT FILES
User may also build macro files from scratch. To create your own macros,
write them as text files. The following basic rules apply to macro files:
1. A macro text file should be given the .NJ extension; The converted
NJSTAR macro file has the standard extension of '.NJM'.
2. A macro text file may only contain one macro statement, which can
contain one or more commands;
3. A macro statement should always start with a string "Macro";
4. When a line is too long, use "&" at the end of line to indicate
that it ontinues on the next line;
5. A comment line in the macro text file starts with an "*"
character;
6. All commands listed in this manual can be written to macro text
files, separated by a space. Upper case or lower case can be
used;
7. Use double quotation marks ("") around text or search strings;
8. Use single quotation marks ('') to input the enclosed text to the
editing screen or a Chinese character code at prompt;
9. Use #nnn to input an ASCII character represented by nnn. The
number nnn can be either in Decimal, Hex, or Oct format;
10. Use $nn to pause the execution for a period of nn ticks. One tick
is equal to 1/18 second. User input will be ignored during the
pause;
11. Use the <Pause> command to pause the execution of the macro when
NJSTAR prompts user to enter a string, until the user presses
[Return] or [ESC]. Other editing tasks can be done during the
pause. <Pause> can be also used when the <DOS> command returns.
NJSTAR will wait for a key press before clearing the DOS output
screen;
12. Use <ScreenOff> to freeze the screen display when the macro is
executing. Use <ScreenOn> to turn on the screen. NJSTAR will turn
on the screen display at the end of macro. <ScreenOff> will speed
up the macro execution speed;
13. Use string plus ":" to compose a label. A macro statement can
contain up to 64 labels. Lable example, BEGIN: LOOP: ;
14. Use <Jump> followed by a label to indicate the unconditional
command switch to the label within the macro statement;
15. Use <JTrue> followed by a label to indicate the command switch to
the label within the macro statement when the previous command is
successfully executed or the condition checked is true (e.g., the
current character is a Chinese character when executed
<IsChinese>); and
16. Use <JFalse> followed by a label to indicate the command switch to
the label within the macro statement when the previous command can
not be executed or the condition checked is false.
Here are some more commands for use in the macro:
<SoundOff> - Turn Error Beep Off.
<SoundOn> - Turn Error Beep On.
<IsChinese> - If the current character is a Chinese (15-87).
<IsTwoBytes> - if the current character is a Two Bytes GB
character.
<IsCursorInBlock> - The cursor is inside a marked block.
Here is an example of a macro statement, This macro will replace two ASCII
"A1A1" characters (Pure-Chinese Space characters) with two ASCII space
characters.
[EXAMPLE]
Macro BegFile ASCinput Replace "íí" Enter " " Enter
You can define a macro command in NJCONFIG.KEY, and assign the command
permanently to a Key. For example, the following syntax assigns the macro
shown above to the 'Ctrl+X+1' key:
Meta+1 Macro BegFile ASCinput Replace "íí" Enter " " Enter
UTILITY NJMAC.EXE
The utility program NJMAC.EXE is in the NJSTAR sub-directory. It will
convert a macro text file into a compiled file so that it can be executed
within NJStar.
[USAGE] C:\NJSTAR30> NJMAC macfile
Macfile is the name of a macro text file. Add the drive name and the full
path if necessary. The resultant macro file will use the same file name,
with an extension name of .NJM. The location of the resultant macro file is
the same as that of the original macro text file.
If the macro text file contains an invalid statement, NJMAC will generate an
error message indicating the error location within the macro text file.
A compiled macro file can be loaded with NJSTAR as a command line switch
when the system is started. See Section <<Program Usage>> for more details.
EXAMPLES OF CREATING USEFUL MACRO COMMANDS
NJSTAR has more than 120 functions/commands in total. Each command performs
certain pre-defined tasks. However, there are always tasks that a single
command cannot do. With NJStar's macros, you can create new commands by
combining several single commands into a macro command. What a macro command
can do is only limited by your imagination. Here are some examples (already
defined in NJCONFIG.KEY).
*(1) Mark a sentence with Chinese characters only.
Meta+1 Macro ScreenOff UnMarkBlock IsChinese JFalse END: &
LEFT: IsChinese JFalse BEG: CursorLeft Jump LEFT: &
BEG: CursorRight MarkBlock RIGHT: IsChinese JFalse MARKEND: &
CursorRight Jump RIGHT: MARKEND: MarkBlock END:
*(2) Call WordPefect 5.1 to Check the spelling of marked block,
* WARNING: WP51 must be on path, Should have a Block Marked
Meta+2 Macro ScreenOff GotoBlock IsCursorInBlock Jfalse END: &
SaveBlock 'NJTMP.WP' enter DOS 'WP51 NJTMP.WP' enter &
DelBlock savefile editfile 'NJTMP.WP' enter markline &
endfile markline copy quitfile PrevFile paste gotoblock END:
*(3) Replace the current English/Chinese by a user-entered new character
Meta+F Macro UnMarkBlock IsChinese JFalse MW: MarkBlock Jump OK: &
MW: MarkWord OK: copy SearchReplace paste pause pause
*(4) Search the current English or Chinese word until end of the file
Meta+^F Macro screenoff IsChinese JFalse MW: MarkBlock Jump OK: &
MW: MarkWord OK: copy search paste screenon enter
*(5) Insert a file into current file
^I macro savefile openfile JFalse END: screenoff BegFile markline endfile &
markline copy QuitFile PrevFile paste gotoblock END:
*(6) Display the time and date for 5 second than delete it
meta+T macro enter enter enter enter cursorup cursorup tabright &
TimeDate $100 delline backspace backspace delchar
*(7) Read a file *.GB uuencoded in file *.UUE (UUDECODE.COM is needed)
* NOTE: Enter the file name with '.' but without extention (eg. CM9311A.)
Meta+^U Macro savefile editfile pause screenoff &
DOS "UUDECODE " Filename "UUE" Enter &
EditFile FileName "GB" Enter PrevFile QuitFile
*(8) Convert a file with every line hard returned into soft return
* NOTE: should have a blank line between paragraph, Mark a Block
Meta+\ macro screenoff GotoBlock IsCursorInBlock Jfalse END: &
Replace #10 #10 enter "##" Enter &
Replace #10 enter DelLine Enter &
Replace "##" enter #10 #10 Enter UnMarkBlock END:
*(9) Open a file with file name at cursor
Meta+^O Macro altwordset markword editfile paste enter defwordset
*(10) Use Shift + Arrow key to mark block interactively
#up Macro Screenoff MarkBlock CursorUp MarkBlock
#Down Macro Screenoff MarkBlock CursorDown MarkBlock
#Left Macro Screenoff MarkBlock CursorLeft MarkBlock
#Right Macro Screenoff MarkBlock CursorRight Markblock
=============================================================================
13. PRINTING
============
This section describes NJStar's printing function, located under "Output"
(╩Σ│÷╫¬╗╗) in the main menu. This section also describes printing format
commands and the utility file NJPRN.EXE.
FUNCTION <Print> [Ctrl+P] ┤≥╙í╩Σ│÷ Print File
Prints the current file to a user-defined output device.
Currently, NJStar supports 9 pin or 24 pin dot matrix printers (Epson or
IBM-ProPrinter and compatibles), Canon BubbleJet printers, and HP DeskJet or
LaserJet printers (and their emulations). You have to install the
appropriate printer driver for your chosen printer with NJCONFIG.EXE.
After the correct printer driver is installed, you can print the current
file to the printer or to a file. The output character style, traditional or
simplified, will depend on the current display style. To print a file in
traditional characters, the display has to be set first to traditional style
with the <SwitchCCLIB> command. Generally, NJStar uses 16x16 font for 9 pin
dot matrix printers, and better fonts for printers with higher resolution
capabilities. The user has no control on the type of font.
If the printer is not connected, or if you want to use another printer,
print the current file to a file, with the appropriate printer settings.
NJStar's utility program, NJPRN.EXE, can be used later to print out that
file to the printer.
UTILITY NJPRN.EXE
The utility program NJPRN.EXE is in NJSTAR's subdirectory.
[USAGE]
C:\NJSTAR30> NJPRN printfile port
'Printfile' is a file name for the file generated by NJStar's <Print>
command (see above). Please include the drive name and the full path for
NJPRN.EXE and print file if necessary. The valid ports are PRN, LPT1, LPT2,
LPT3, COM1, COM2, COM3, or COM4.
PRINTING FORMAT COMMANDS
The following are NJStar's printing format commands, to enhance the output
format.
English Name Chinese Name Function
=================== ============== ====================================
\NewPage \╗╗╥│ Forces to print on a new page
from here
\PageNumber(nn) \╥│║┼(nn) Changes the current page number
to nn, whatever it was originally
\NumberStyle("(%d)") \╥│▒Ω("╡┌%d╥│") Specifies the page number style as
text shown in "". Variable %d is
the current page number.
\NoPageNumber \╬▐╥│║┼ Do not print page number
\LeftMargin(nn) \╫≤┐╒(nn) Sets the left margin to nn
Chinese characters
\RightMargin(nn) \╙╥┐╒(nn) Sets the right margin to nn
Chinese characters
\TopMargin(nn) \╔╧┐╒(nn) Sets the top margin to nn lines
(1 line=1/6 in. or 1 line=30 dots)
\BottomMargin(nn) \╧┬┐╒(nn) Sets the bottom margin to nn lines
(1 line=1/6 in. or 1 line=30 dots)
\LineSpace(nn) \╨╨╛α(nn) Sets the space between lines to
nn dots
\Font(nn) \╫╓║┼(nn) Sets the size of Chinese character
to nn. ( 1 normal; 2 larger)
\Center \╓╨╨─ Centers the current line on page
\FanTi \╖▒╠σ To use un-simplified Characters
\JianTi \╝≥╠σ To use simplified Characters
=================== ============== =====================================
Here are some examples of how to use printing format commands in the text
file.
[EXAMPLE] \NewPage
Forces the printer to perform a form feed and then prints the following text
on a new sheet.
[EXAMPLE] \PageNumber(2) \NumberStyle("╡┌(%d)╥│")
Forces the system to set the page numbers to start from 2 from here. The
page number printed on this sheet would look like "╡┌ 2 ╥│".
[EXAMPLE] \LeftMargin(5) \RightMargine(5) \LineSpace(5)
Forces the system to change both margins to 5 characters from now on, and
use new space setting. Normally, it would be advisable to set LineSpace with
a smaller value when drawing a table with NJStar's table draw characters,
such as ⌐≡,⌐±,⌐≥,⌐≤,⌐⌠,⌐⌡, etc. Don't forget to set line spacing back to
normal when finished.
[EXAMPLE] \Center ╗¬╧─╬─╒¬ (╠╪┐»)
Forces the system to print the string "╗¬╧─╬─╒¬ (╠╪┐»)" at the center of the
line.
[EXAMPLE] \Font(2) \Center ╬┬▄░╡─├╬
\Font(1)
Forces the system to print "╬┬▄░╡─├╬" in an larger size at the center of the
line, and then return to normal size to print the next line.
[EXAMPLE] \JianTi
┤║├▀▓╗╛⌡╧■ú¼┤ª┤ª╬┼╠Σ─±íú
\FanTi
┤║├▀▓╗╛⌡╧■ú¼┤ª┤ª╬┼╠Σ─±íú
Forces the system to print the first line in simplified characters and the
second line in traditional ones, irrespective of the current mode. Please
note that this function only works with a printer that can use 24x24 or
better fonts.
Here are two more points for using print format commands.
1) All commands must start with "\" at the very beginning of the Line,
To print a "\" character at the beginning of a line, use "\\".
2) More than one command can be written on a single line.
Finally, there is one special print format command that does not start with
a [\]. This is [~], which forces the system to print the next character in
"reverse" character, that is, traditional instead of simplified.
Occasionally, the user might want to print a single character in reverse
font. For example, while the current file uses simplified characters, one or
two characters should be printed in traditional font. Putting a [~] before
the character will make NJStar print this character in traditional font. For
example,
[EXAMPLE] ╔≥╤⌠╡─í░╔≥í▒╘┌╖▒╠σ╫╓└∩╨┤╫≈í░~╔≥í▒íú
In this case, the last "╔≥" will be printed as a traditional character,
while the whole sentence will be in simplified characters. Using [~] in
simplified character mode will enable the last character to be printed in
traditional font.
[EXAMPLE] ╦√╡─═Γ╞┼╨╒~╔≥íú
In this case, in traditional character mode, the last character was not
displayed correctly. As a surname, "╔≥" should be displayed in the same way
as in simplified mode. To get around this, add [~] before "╔≥" so that the
printout will be correct. (For traditional-character users, it may not be
the best solution to use this command if you are going to use this character
repeatedly. A better solution is to add the correct character to the font
file, which will be described below.)
Like \FanTi and \JianTi commands, this function only works for printers
capable of using 24x24 or better fonts.
UTILITY PRINTPS.EXE
NJStar supports postscript printers with a separate utility program,
PRINTPS.EXE. This program converts a GB file to a set of PostScript files
according to the font and page size selected by the user. This program is
provided for registered users only; check UTILITY.DOC for more details.
=============================================================================
(This manual continues at NJSTAR3.DOC.)